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Vasopressin and

members of all cultures known to listen to music. Being a widespread practice one might wonder if you could have a biological basis. Studies carried out on fetuses, infants, whole families, including twins and some where they have used magnetic resonance imaging of the brain suggest that this is the case. A recent study suggests even the existence of a genetic component.

This is not surprising if we think that the music arouses in those who hear a wide range of emotional reactions. When Sorry that we inChina the skin, either by listening to the Goldberg Variations or the new Coldplay album , we owe that feeling to a flood of chemicals that run through our body in response to what we hear: hormones.

Djajakarta image.

have seen that the music they listen to the babies, for example in the form of lullabies, affects the attachment they develop with their parents. Also, it has been observed it is possible to develop a more cohesive group when a group has sung or played music together. One of the hormones responsible for this could be the vasopressin (also called arginine vasopressin or antidiuretic hormone argipresina). Vasopressin is a hormone that modifies the permeability of the kidneys and plays an important role in the regulation of water, glucose and salts in the blood. However, like the oxytocin, has been shown to modulate various social behaviors when it is released directly into the brain. AVPR1A gene encodes a receptor molecule that modulates the influence of vasopressin in the brain. We have seen that this gene is involved in some aspects of cognition and social behavior including attachment, the establishment of ties and even altruism in humans and other species. Whereas earlier a team of Finnish researchers have been interested in the issue of the genetic basis of aptitude and musical creativity, undertook the task of finding out the relationship between the presence of gene variants AVPR1A and taste (or interest) to listen to music, either passive or active. Their results were published just recently in the journal Journal of Human Genetics . For their study, Liisa Ukkola-Vuoti and Irma Järvelä , leading the investigation, identified the AVPR1A gene variants in members of 31 Finnish families (642 individuals in total). These same people were asked various questions to assess their interest in music and music education. All patients had a test to measure their musical ability (Karma Music test ). was felt that the study subjects had an active interest in hearing music when doing paid attention to it and liked going to concerts. On the contrary, it was felt that individuals had a passive interest when used simply as background noise. " Interestingly, in early 1900 here, has been an increase in interest in music. It is believed that this is due to increased availability of music and appliances to be played. Therefore, Liisa, Irma and the rest of the team had to take this into account and to classify the study subjects in different age groups to prevent such phenomenon modify the results.

According to the results of the Finnish team, those with a higher educational level tended to listen more actively and average musical interest varied according to the pedigrees. Ie, between families. In addition, the active interest in music was associated with genetic variants and associated in a previous study with the aptitude and musical creativity.

Image taken from here by Proust73 .

One would think that those individuals with higher musical education would be more likely to actively listen to music simply because the musical learning so requires and that, therefore, the musical education would be related to the AVPR1A gene variants. However, this was not the case when music education was considered as a covariate. Which strengthens the conclusion that the musical interest has a genetic component. One detail that should be considered even more care is the influence of memory in studies such as those with a greater interest in music may also experience strong emotions in doing so and, therefore, be able to recall their experiences and activities related to music more precisely. Also, some types of personalities may be able to remember most of your habits over time and how they hear music, so these factors should be considered in future studies. Even though (thankfully) are some questions floating in the air, the study of human listening habits and its relationship to the genetic diversity of the study subjects is certainly a sweet way to immerse yourself in the exciting area of \u200b\u200bdual heritage: the co-evolution of genes and culture . ( Here you can see a concert for strings of one of the Goldberg variations here and you can hear a beautiful guitar version)

Reference article:

Ukkola-Vuoti, L., Oikkonen, J., Onkamo, P., Karma, K., Raij, P., & Järvelä, I. (2011). Association of the arginine vasopressin receptor 1A (AVPR1A) haplotypes with listening to music Journal of Human Genetics DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2011.13

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strings concert HIV virus uses the protein Vif to reactivate multifaceted

One obstacles for AIDS treatment has been, for several years and recognized the virus's ability to remain in a dormant state. If patients stop taking their medications or are weakened by some other infection the virus appears to emerge, and sometimes in a more resistant to treatment. One strategy of viruses to monitor the success and level of infection is through the manipulation of some of the proteins involved in cell cycle of infected cells. Therefore, research focusing on understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in this process could, eventually, help to design more successful therapies aimed at eliminating HIV reservoirs and the reestablishment of the functions of the immune system of patients infected. have already identified several proteins that are used by HIV to amend cell cycle of infected cells. For example, the viral protein called Vif (viral infectivity factor ) is involved in the forced retention of cells in G2 phase cell cycle is a period of rapid cell growth and is exactly where the transcription of viral genome is optimal. Vif protein prevents the cells to grow at that stage. structural diagram of HIV. Image taken from Wikimedia Commons . In a recent study , led by Terry H. Finkel and Jiangfang Wang The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia found that the protein Vif is additionally involved in an earlier stage during the cell cycle, causing cells to move from the phase G1 to S , it latter characterized by a higher activity. This study is the first to demonstrate that a viral protein that can modulate cell cycle progression and, therefore, gives a little more light on the understanding of how is that the virus passes from a latent to active. The authors also found that Vif protein interacts with two cellular proteins: Brd4 and CDK9 . And although it was known that these proteins involved in cell cycle progression, the fact now known to be manipulated by the viral Vif protein makes them potential targets in the design of therapies. Of course, the latter will require more time and experiments, but bit by bit, molecule by molecule, protein-protein, we approach more effective therapies to control the lethal virus del sida. Artículo de referencia:

Wang, J., Reuschel, E., Shackelford, J., Jeang, L., Shivers, D., Diehl, J., Yu, X., & Finkel, T. (2010). HIV-1 Vif promotes the G1- to S-phase cell-cycle transition Blood, 117 (4), 1260-1269 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-06-289215

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guava and cardamom Snow

Snow guava and cardamom. Stock Daniella Guevara.

Snow guava and cardamom. Stock Daniella Guevara.

Ingredients

secret ingredient. Jessica photo taken here.

Instructions: Heat water in a casserole and add the cardamom negritos previously crushed in a mortar. Let simmer for about 10 minutes over very low heat and then cool. Blend the boing, infusion of cardamom and if you want, add a tablespoon of sour cream. Pour into your favorite ice cream machine. lime and parsley Snow, snow and guava and cardamom. Photography of Daniella Guevara.

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Estresaditos cooperate

cooperation is undoubtedly one of the favorite topics of theoretical ecologists. A lot of mathematical models have been developed to try to understand under what conditions is cooperation more likely and what the benefits are short and long term of such conduct. Both model has not been in vain because they have helped us to understand and a pleasure to philosophize about the evolution of this behavior. However, it is still necessary to know more about what the proximate causes of cooperation, ie, what are the immediate triggers of the behavior and how these triggers vary from one individual to another according to their experience, internal state, physiology, etc. Some human studies have found that the inclination of individuals to punish those who cheated, in a situation where they could have cooperated, and correlates with the activity that these individuals have in the reward system; that which is right in the neocortex . Then, the action is exciting to punish cheaters more likely is the occurrence of punishment. Another study found that the highest levels were oxytocin (the hormone of happiness) in the blood more confident were the subjects of study, even in situations where the risk of being deceived was high. But how is the thing in those animals where there is also cooperation?

In an attempt to expand the doubts about this, the international team of Redouan Bshary , Rui F. and Alexandra Oliveira S. Grutter was given the task of making an experimental proof-of-a few questions about the factors that trigger or inhibit cooperation on cleaner fish. The results of their study were published this month in the journal Ethology .

No, cleaner fish do just that. Image taken from here .

The interactions of these small fish cleaners ( Dimidiatus Labroides ) with their clients are fascinating. Has been well documented that these fish offer a removal service to other fish parasites and for this they have to their individual cleaning stations. However, what is taste like mucus from the customers, ie, the living tissue of the same. When these fish endure the urge to eat mucus and parasites feed on are, say, eating against their preference. In doing so we might as well say they are "cooperating" because they would be exchanging the cleaning service for the opportunity to eat something. But it's not just cooperate with charming rather because they seem to know what kind of customers interact: when customers are predatory fish, which potentially could respond to abuse with a cleaner fish bite-abuse least compared with customers who are not predators. That is, eat more of the parasites of a predator that their client mucus. Biologists know that interactions are observed when a client has received a bribe in the mucus and the client in question jumps, in a manner similar to that of any human on the beach that has been chewed by a fish. Since fish cleaners can be more than 2000 daily interactions with customers Redouan and his team suggest that cleaner fish should be able to adjust their levels of exploitation in ways that maximize their caloric intake by taking into account the risk of predation. If so, the fish cleaners should be able to adjust their abuse of interaction to another, so that a particular interaction may determine the subsequent. For example, a customer interaction with a predator could affect their stress levels and satiety and thus the subsequent cooperation with customers. For their study, Redouan, Rui and Alexandra, gathered data taken in the tropical waters of Egypt and data collected in the laboratory of Alexandra, in Australia. So not only was international team of researchers also observed the fish belonged to different latitudes. With data from field observations analyzed the effect of the client in subsequent interactions and found that a given customer is less likely to be chewed when the client was a client before predator. cleaning station. Image Nick Hobgood taken Wikimedia Commons . In the laboratory, tested the effect of a stressor-in this case a red-before offering a favorite food (shrimp chips) and some less so ( fish food) at the same time. Previous studies have shown that fish prefer to always eat shrimp flakes compared to the boring business. However, during the experiment, leaflets were removed immediately after the fish taste the shrimp. So if the fish wanted to eat something it was imperative to eat against their preference, eating chips sink his teeth before the shrimp. Interestingly, laboratory fish ate more often against their preference when they had been exposed to stressful network. The study authors considered that the cleaners were stressed because they proved to flee and to present certain characteristic movements in these situations and are similar to a "dance." With this, the authors wanted to show whether the quality of service of a cleaner fish depend solely on the customer's identity or if the service is modified by other stress in the aquatic life of fish. The field observations allowed the authors do not distinguish whether the change in attitude of the cleaner after a customer interacted with predator to the next was due to an "internal state" of fish satiation level wiper or due to a physiological change resulting from the interaction with the predator. However, the fact that after being subjected to stressor (red) cleaners were more inclined to feed against their preference (as when they cooperate) suggests that 1) the fish can actively select food on the other (in other words, stress does not confuse the issue) and 2) that have been exposed to a stressful situation makes them more prone to cooperation. latter, however, needs to be checked with other experiments in which the handling of the cleaner fish physiology, eg varying the level of hormones related to stress rather than using a network. So Redouan and computer, using field and laboratory information on these fishes showed the existence of short-term variation in the feeding behavior of fish cleaners. Their results suggest that short-term stress-whether in the form of a predator or a network-promotes cooperation in these fish with a tendency to abuse. Reference article:

Bshary, R., Oliveira, R., & Grutter, A. (2011). Short-Term Variation in the Level of Cooperation in the Cleaner Wrasse Labroides dimidiatus: Implications for the Role of Potential Stressors Ethology, 117 (3), 246-253 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2010.01872.x

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Phytosterols

What are Phytosterols?

Phytosterols are a natural plant compounds present in small amounts in our diet products such as sunflower oil and soybeans, very similar to human cholesterol.

What properties are the phytosterols?

The main one is that block cholesterol absorption in the intestine.

Cholesterol itself is not bad, in fact essential for life as part of our cells. What may be harmful are excessive levels of cholesterol and / or the imbalance between different types of cholesterol (HDL and LDL)

cholesterol in our body is subjected to metabolism, a closely defined specific routes of absorption, synthesis, distribution and excretion. On the one hand, the cholesterol can be taken as such in food content of the diet (exogenous cholesterol) or we can synthesize (endogenous cholesterol), in fact this is the way that contributes most to the overall amount of cholesterol in our body.

Part of the unused cholesterol to be excreted into the intestine in the bile of intact or degraded into bile acids. In the small part of this cholesterol will turn again to absorb (with exogenous cholesterol taken in the diet) and another part is eventually excreted in feces. 100% of the cholesterol absorption in the intestine will be between 30 - 60%.
Plant Phytosterols are poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (although it is chemically almost identical to cholesterol), so its hypocholesterolemic action appears limited to the intestine, where it inhibits the absorption of c olesterol both endogenous and exogenous. The mechanisms by which this effect is not known in detail, may reduce the solubility of cholesterol and / or compete with cholesterol for absorption by the intestinal mucosa.

cardiovascular health is obviously one of the most important facets of a person's general health (and life expectancy), and one of the most determinants of cardiovascular health is the overall level of plasma cholesterol and the ratio between "good" cholesterol (HDL) and bad (LDL)

Within a balanced diet for anyone, especially when there hypercholesterolemia could be included, besides of course a lot of fruit and vegetables low in saturated fat, foods that help cholesterol balance, such as olive oil, soy protein foods (such as soy milk, tofu, etc.) or nuts (almonds and hazelnuts are rich in oleic acid and the amino acid L-arginine).

to take account of phytosterols

Although products based on phytosterols can help lower your cholesterol, remember that a balanced diet and healthy lifestyle (not smoking, exercising moderately, control stress, etc.) are not interchangeable with anything.

Phytosterol intake may not be nutritionally appropriate for pregnant women and nursing mothers and children under 5 years.

Phytosterols may be associated with a decrease in the absorption of carotenoids. Therefore always recommend a healthy diet rich in vegetables and fruit.

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is considered a conditionally essential amino acid because endogenous synthesis of arginine fails to meet the needs of our body.

Natural sources of arginine

To complement the dose of arginine that causes our body we should eat foods rich in the amino acid, such as red meat and poultry, dairy, nuts and chocolate.

There is also a synthesis of the amino acid arginine in the laboratory, used for the preparation of supplements. Arginine supplements are widely used by bodybuilders or for clinical use in catabolic conditions (High Wear)

Properties of Arginine

Maintains or increases muscle mass: Arginine (together with lysine and ornithine) are among the most widely used supplements in the field of bodybuilding. Participates in protein synthesis, essential for muscle growth if accompanied by an appropriate program of strength training. Get
also slow the loss of muscle mass and it is widely used in supplements to avoid excessive weight loss in patients with HIV.
digestive system problems: The use of arginine in cases of trauma or gastrointestinal resections, ulcers, etc. It is also used for gastrointestinal inflammation in preterm infants.
Wound healing: From occurs Proline arginine, which promotes the synthesis of collagen. This facilitates the formation of new tissue and therefore healing.
Immune System: is recommended for use in cases of multiple trauma, major surgery, severe sepsis and other disorders associated with immune system depression, such as infections of any kind. Although at this point there are no known mechanisms action in a clear, have described improvements in the thymic system (the thymus), the lymphocyte activity and neutrophil function.
Cardiovascular system nitric acid formation via arginine, making it also relates to a positive effect on heart and circulatory diseases. Used in cases of cramps and pains in the legs for circulatory reasons such as intermittent claudication. Nitric acid causes blood vessels to dilate and thus improve blood flow.
Male sexuality: Some studies indicate that arginine is able to combat erectile dysfunction (Such as erectile dysfunction)

Precautions

Its use is safe for most of the adult population if taken properly, oral, short term, although there are potential adverse particularly in patients with asthma, herpes cases, surgery, recent heart attack, low blood pressure or are taking medications

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DENTAL PROBLEMS OF ARGININE

caries dental problems than
When it comes to dental problems tend to think about cavities, but teeth are susceptible to other bacterial attacks. Bacteria which may affect, in addition to dental health, health of the mouth and overall health. In fact few people know that dental problems can affect your heart health.

Why do they occur?
The main cause of dental problems are the bacterial plaque is an accumulation of bacteria that adhere to the teeth forming the dreaded plaque attached to the tooth enamel, which serves the protective function of the denture. Reach into the tooth to the looser areas, producing the most famous and painful dental problem: caries.

But bacteria sometimes cause gum infections that cause mild discomfort or simply bleeding when brushing. Are often not given much importance because it does not cause pain but evolve to a more serious they become a dental problem that causes loss of teeth and bone damage (if it arrives)

causes of dental problems
Usually the causes of dental problems are too sugary diets based sweets, candy, soft drinks, etc. Soft foods also allow greater penetration between teeth thus producing a higher bacterial plaque. Besides the abuse of snuff, coffee and alcohol damages the tooth enamel by facilitating the proliferation of bacteria that cause dental problems.

This, coupled to poor oral hygiene are the major causes of dental problems. And when we say poor hygiene, not just referring to the lack of it, but improper cleaning since many people are surprised to have dental problems despite brushing three times a day.

most common symptoms
dental problems are easily recognizable symptoms such as pain or abscess, but there are others that often go unnoticed:

Swollen lower cheeks. It's like having a candy between your cheek and teeth (phlegmon)
Bleeding gums by biting, for example, an apple, or even just brushing.
mobile teeth. When you pull them feel that yield slightly.
Swelling and redness of the gums.
dental discomfort when chewing. Toothache
.

Types of dental caries: A dental problem can affect everyone, so it is vital to know the causes that produce it, and know how to control and prevent them.
Gingivitis, dental problem that is caused by the invasion on the gums of bacterial plaque produced in the same redness, swelling and bleeding.
The pyorrhea: The worsening of gingivitis and acts slowly and inevitably ends up affecting the teeth can cause your loss if untreated.
Toothache: This, more than one type of dental problem is a symptom, but terribly annoying, so we included an article about it with natural palliative in our section of dental problems. Our advice

To prevent dental problems, it is best done good oral hygiene after the three main meals and correctly. Also, there is, apart from a toothbrush, some other things to help a good wash.

For example, dental floss, interdental brushes, etc. to get well, thorough washing and dental problems away from your mouth. Of course it is essential to visit the dentist at least once a year, who will advise the best way to brush your teeth.

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CAULIFLOWER

Origin and varieties of cauliflower

Cauliflower belongs to the Brassicaceae family and is related to cabbage, broccoli, cabbage , Brussels sprouts, etc..
The cauliflower comes from the eastern Mediterranean regions. Its culture first came to Italy and from there spread throughout Europe.
are many varieties of cauliflower are grown there since around the world.

most popular varieties cauliflower by color

white cauliflower, is best known. Grown by covering them with green leaves to keep them from the sun.
green cauliflower, grown by exposure to sunlight. It is more aromatic than white and it is also rich in vitamin C.
purple cauliflower, are rich in anthocyanins, pigments with high antioxidant properties. Cauliflower
classes according to their time of production
spring Cauliflower: require cold weather and the harvest takes place in late spring or early summer. Cauliflower
summer and autumn months are planted in May or June and are available from September. They do not need a climate as cold as the spring cauliflower. Cauliflower
winter: We collected over the winter months. Some are available in November and December, called early and mid-season that are collected in January and February. Properties

cauliflower are many properties owned by the cauliflower and, therefore, many benefits that its use can contribute to our health.

Ideal in diets for weight loss, as it provides very few calories.
diuretic is a popular food for their water content is very high.
Its consumption increases the production of white blood cells.
strengthens the immune system.
promotes iron absorption.
Cauliflower has antioxidant properties.
Its use reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease.
is very rich in fiber, which helps to regulate bowel function.
helps prevent colon cancer.
Its rich in folate consumption makes its very advisable for pregnant women.
Despite all these magnificent properties have cauliflower are some people who can not consume because they produce great flatulence and indigestion, especially if combined with greasy or starchy foods. The ideal is to combine it with other vegetables and consume it in the midday meal (better for dinner)

cauliflower nutritional information (per 100 g)
Water: 91 g.
Energy. 25 kcal.
Fat: 0.21 g.
Protein: 1.98 g.
Carbohydrates: 5.20 g.
Fiber: 2.5 g.
Potassium: 303 mg.
Calcium: 22 mg.
Phosphorus: 44 mg.
Magnesium: 15 mg.
Iron: 0.44 mg.
Sodium: 30 mg.
Manganese: 0.157 mg.
Folate: 69 mcg.
cauliflower also contains the following vitamins
Vitamin C: 46.4 mg.
Vitamin A: 19
IU Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) 0.057 mg.
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin): 0.063 mg.
Vitamin B3 (Niacin): 0.526 mg.
Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid): 0.696 mg.
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine): 0.222 mg.
Vitamin B9 (folic acid): 57 mcg.
Vitamin E: 0.040 mg.

Did you know ...?

China is globally the largest producer of cauliflower. A cauliflower
dedicated to haute cuisine called "mini cauliflower."
in a perforated plastic bag in the refrigerator can keep for a week.

We can also freeze, first blanch for a few minutes in boiling water.
To avoid the unpleasant smell coming from the cauliflower when cooking can add to the cooking water a potato or an apple.

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FAT BURNER TYPES OF SKIN DISEASES

lipotropic fat burners

are substances that make it easier for our body to use fat as a "fuel" rather than saving.
Among the highlights lipotropic fat burners L-Carnitine (an amino acid), inositol and choline (nutrients from group B), lecithin, chromium picolinate and CLA or conjugated linoleic acid.

thermogenic fat burners

are substances or nutrients that activate or enhance our metabolism. This will also get, indirectly, use fat as fuel. "
Among the thermogenic fat burners would highlight the guarana, bitter orange, the green tea, yerba mate, seaweed, caffeine and cocoa extracts. Abstain or
caution those who are sensitive or who can not take caffeine (protein).

fat burners insulin potentiators

help in the effectiveness of insulin and this is responsible for the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. Among
fat burners insulin enhancers highlights the chromium picolinate.

Fat burners antilipogénicos

Its mission is to make it difficult for our bodies to store new and unnecessary body fat stores.
As an example of fat burners have antilipogénicos Garcinia cambogia plant.

fat burning foods

addition of herbs or supplements gr burners handles can also take account of fat burning foods.

In general, all help us to improve the efficiency of our metabolism. Although each case is different often help you lose weight and eliminate fat. Although there

many fat burning foods highlight:
green tea, yerba mate and coffee.
pepper, ginger and mustard.
Celery, apple cider vinegar and seaweed (avoid if you suffer hyperthyroidism)
Conclusion
As always we should remember that there is no magic formula for over take fat burners that we never ignore a balanced diet and practice exercise.

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What are skin conditions?
are all those that affect the skin, from acne to melanoma (skin cancer). These include associated diseases such as nails, hair, sebum and sweat.

are also attended by dermatologists sexually transmitted diseases, although not directly related to the dermis do have a direct impact, such as AIDS and syphilis.

Symptoms of
skin diseases skin diseases are diverse and varied so it is also symptomatology. But we can establish a common standard. Say that most skin diseases disorders occur in the dermis, such as changes in appearance, temperature, color or texture.

These disorders manifest through patches, small lumps the size of a grain, sometimes with pus (pustules), urticaria, scaling, ulcers, etc. Sometimes these signals relate skin itching, burning or pain.

Causes and prevention of skin diseases
As we have noted, we have a wide range of diseases affecting the skin so that the wedges are very diverse. In fact not yet known the causes of many of these ailments.

other hand stress and sun improperly or inadequately influence many of these problems. Diet and good or bad habits will also be reflected, in many cases, in skin diseases. Also important is the sensitivity of skin to external agents and that a good number of them belong to allergy problems. So avoiding any of the above issues or the item you are allergic important prevention is exercised.

Different types of skin diseases
Some skin diseases are common:
Vitiligo. It is a skin disease that causes white patches on various parts of the body including the eyes and mouth and nasal mucosa.
Impetigo. It is an infectious skin disease, and although treated with antibiotics, we can fight it, at a time, with natural remedies.
urticaria. It is an allergic reaction in the skin causing itching or a very irritating itch which may be acute or chronic.
Boils. They are a skin problem that starts as a prominence slightly red and very painful, then grows and accentuate the symptoms.
warts. They are a fleshy growths or formations of the skin with a rough surface, tending to circular but irregular. Can have different shapes and sizes.
palmar hyperhidrosis (sweaty hands). Having sweaty hands in times of fear or maximum tension is natural, but when this happens on an ongoing basis is a source of frustration and sense of shame personal.
dermatitis or atopic eczema. It is an inflammation of the skin may become red, crusting, scaling, and especially a lot of itching.
Ringworm. It is a fungal infection that can affect the skin, scalp, feet, nails, English or body parts at once and circular-shaped rash (such as patches or red rings).
psoriasis. It is a chronic skin condition characterized by the presence of inflamed areas of red, which are covered with silvery scales.
herpes zoster. It is an infection caused by the same virus as the chickenpox and indeed have herpes zoster must have had it previously.
foot fungus or athlete's foot. One of the most important signs that tell us of a possible case of fungi is when we see that the nails vary in texture and / or color. Cold sores
. Is an infection caused by a simple virus, type 1, usually out mainly on the lips but can also go in the nose and even inside the mouth.
Emotional interpretation of
skin diseases are related to fears and anxiety. The skin is the outer layer of the body, the natural armor that protects us from outside. Someone who feels threatened and insecure in life. Positive Emotion

diseases the skin
I feel safe and secure. I can face the difficulties of life. There is no greater danger that the way of dealing with things and that is under my power. Our advice


Latin countries generally enjoy many seasons of sun. Therefore it is important to consider the health of the skin not only before bed, as there are people with sensitive skin who suffer burns from a walk in the street and not have the habit to protect yourself. Consider the tolerance to sunlight on your skin, burns are cumulative and the risk of melanoma is greatest. Overall

see that natural medicine for skin diseases are in many cases only an external signal that something is happening inside. Reflect from when we have come these problems and diseases of the skin and see a possible relationship or cause shall be conclusive. Treat only the skin is to stay, as appropriate, on the surface of the problem.

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GLUCOSAMINE AND CAFE

What is glucosamine?

Glucosamine is a component of cartilage in the body and is present in the fluid around the joints.
Glucosamine is also involved in the formation of nails, skin, bones, ligaments and cartilage.

glucosamine production decreases with the passage of time involved, sometimes the onset of pain and inflammation, especially in the joints.

supplements glucosamine sulfate can come on the market, most of the shells of shellfish, although not always come from natural sources can be synthesized as well in the lab.

glucosamine supplements

Glucosamine can not contribute to our body through food so the labs have released glucosamine sulfate supplements intended to reduce the risks Glucosamine loss with age.

With the intake of these supplements is pursued to reduce discomfort and pain caused by osteoarthritis.
However not many existing studies on the benefits that taking supplements of glucosamine provides the body.

benefits of glucosamine

Decreased pain in cases of osteoarthritis.
Improved joint mobility.
brings a hydrolyzed collagen to help the joints.
reduces symptoms of osteoporosis. Combat
rheumatoid arthritis and gout. Precautions
use of glucosamine
Children and pregnant women should not take glucosamine supplements, since its effects on children and fetuses have not been determined.
People with diabetes should be monitored more carefully and often blood sugar levels if you take these supplements.
should not take people who are allergic to shellfish without consulting with a specialist.

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nicer chocolate ice cream and chile ancho

Ingredients

Stock Daniella Guevara Muñoz.

• Dissolve the chocolate and sugar in boiling water to a simmer.
• cool.
• Add the cream and liquefied to be integrated well.
• Pour the mixture into ice cream machine as a favorite.
• Once the ice has the consistency of custard add a tablespoon ancho chile flakes minute match.

The idea is that diners taste the chile ancho from time to time without flooding the ice cream flavor or compete too much with the flavor of Mexican chocolate.

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Friends: Sharing to the genes

Humans are probably the only species where virtually all individuals form stable bonds and not related to reproduction. That is, virtually all have friends. Some studies suggest that friends share physical or behavioral characteristics, in other words, we have seen that there may be phenotypic similarity friends. What is not clear whether this similarity reflects a similar phenotypic genotypic , that is, do we share genes with our friends? Image Xzit taken from Wikimedia Commons . From the biological standpoint, this question is interesting for several reasons. One is that genetic similarities exist between friends that would increase the possibility that natural selection operate level group. It is also important when we consider the indirect genetic effects. In other words, the phenotypic characteristics of an individual could be affected by the genes of those individuals close to the genes of the guys then. Several human studies have shown that there is a tendency to associate with those with whom we resemble ("God makes them flock together"), a process known as homophily . One can argue that social influence is undeniable that involve individuals who are alike, but it is also true that the phenotypic similarities may have a strong genetic component whether you believe in physical characteristics or behaviors. But how we ended up near those with whom we also share genes? The thing is perhaps more simple than it seems. Let's see why. First, groups with little mobility where reproduction occurs among those who are closer, it is almost inevitable that ultimately the individuals within a group share a number of genes. This phenomenon is known as population stratification. Second, individuals can "actively" seek out those with genotypes similar to ours, and not because we are able to recognize their genes but because we are able to recognize the phenotype, which is the expression of the genotype. Third, individuals can choose those environments-either actively or passively, in which the expression of our genotype is optimal, it is therefore natural that when we find ourselves with individuals who have also chosen the same environment in terms of genotype. For example, those prone to vigorous physical activity may be more likely to join a gym where people end up joining with other equally active. Image Spazzykoneko taken from Wikimedia Commons . is important to note, however, it is also possible to observe heterophyly . That is, people can actively choose those individuals who do not share characteristics (where opposites attract). This process appears to be relatively common during mate choice or may occur under certain circumstances. For example, in the workplace people with different skills and (potentially) different genes can be found within the same space. On 1 February in the Journal of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , published an article - in which this input is based on the genotypes found within networks of friends. For the study, led by James H Fowler the University of California at San Diego, the authors used a database called Add Health ( National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health ). As part of the data collected for this database took saliva samples to identify the presence of 6 genes. Hence, the authors extracted information from pairs of friends (not related) as well as information on gender, age and ethnicity of them. One of the objectives of this database is just to have information about the behavior and adolescent health. According to their results, there is some genotypic group in social networks that can not be explained solely by population stratification. That is, friends do not just resemble each other, if not also occur at these genotypic similarities. Although the genes considered were associated with certain personality characteristics and behavioral phenotypes is well known that with which these genes are most likely associated polygenic (ie, are affected by many genes) and pleiotropic (affects various features), which in some way guarantee the strength of its conclusions. The authors found that for example there was some grouping of genotypes (homophily) in the DRD2 gene has been associated with alcoholism, which makes sense if we think that those more inclined to drink would feel better with other individuals with this tendency. On the other hand, the lack of connection between individuals with the CYP2A6 gene (associated with the opening social) suggests some heterophyly for that gene, even if not completely clear because those individuals actively seek social open to those who are not. Still, the authors suggest that the fact that there are some genes for which there is heterophyly is proof that individuals actively select their friends. One of the interesting conclusions can be drawn from this study is the fact that the genetic structure of human populations is not only a result of reproductive unions. Friendly ties can also have an important impact on the structure. addition, homophily and heterophyly present among individuals within a group may have interesting implications in the way in which genes lead us to certain environments and social influence that the environment can have on our behavior. That is, humans can actively search for friends with certain genotypes, which in turn facilitate the expression of certain genes. This could therefore affect the development of other phenomena such as spread of diseases, information, etc. James H. Fowler, James E. And Nicholas A. Settle Christakis, authors of the study suggest that maybe we could see the genetic landscape of an individual as the sum of the individual genes in question and the rest of the guys around him, just as in other organisms such as bacteria and laying hens. Evolutionarily speaking social environment could be an important selective force than perhaps we thought. Within a network there may be genetic niches that promote or inhibit the development of certain types of behaviors such as those related to the acquisition of certain diseases, cooperation among individuals, etc. The authors speculate further, suggesting that the genetic characteristics of certain groups may confer adaptive advantages. However, this is as yet experimental question (which has to be tested) and will be interesting to discover and understand under what conditions, besides the presence of certain genes, such adaptive advantages may be observed in individuals as mobile like humans. Reference article:

Fowler, J., Settle, J., & Christakis, N. (2011). Correlated genotyped in friendship networks Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108 (5), 1993-1997 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1011687108